September 13, 1965, The Scariest And Most Haunted Building...

On Friday, October 13, 1965, horrifying things happened in an apartment building complex. Apartment 23B is the scariest and most haunted building in New York. It was a dark and stormy night in New York City. Little Avery, Madison, Max, and Aiden had a petrifying night. It caused a lot of dreadful memories that will be penetrated in their minds forever. These kids just might find themselves in a bad situation. Day after day, we would pass the apartment building on our way to and from school. Branches of vines and clusters of moss crawled up the sides of the building. I could see the paint tearing off the walls. People for years have said the apartment building is haunted, but I don’t believe it. They say people have been possessed†¦show more content†¦Aiden said with a smirk on his face. â€Å"Why? You scared?† They all laughed began to walk again. When we reached the door, I took a deep breath and walked in. As the doors slammed shut behind us, we looked around to find the paint chipping off the walls, a odor that smelled of rotting wood, and a large staircase. â€Å"C’mon guys,† Madison said as she took a few steps up the staircase. She was fearless. The higher up we got, the darker and scarier it became. The first room when we reached the top was the infamous apartment 23B. Aiden looked back at all of us and said, â€Å"Well, let’s not just stand here. Let’s go!† He pushed the door open as it creaked until it slammed against the wall. I took one step in and felt out of place. â€Å"Guys, please remind me why we are doing this still?† â€Å"Because we have to show my wimpy little brother that you shouldn’t believe everything you hear,† Madison said blaming it on Max as if it were his fault we were here. We looked around. There was a torn up bed in the middle of the room, along with the wallpaper that was ripping off the walls to reveal the structure behind. We set up all of our stuff. Max and Aiden took the corner by the broken window and fireplace, while Madison and I took the side with the ancient pictures and next to the old, torn up bed. When we finally got set we decided to explore around the building. Madison and I went together and explored the basement and the main

Psychology Of Personality Fall 2015 - 1580 Words

Karina Vizcaino Psychology of Personality Fall 2015 Identity Claims on Facebook Facebook is an online social networking website that makes it easy for a person to connect and share with family and friends online. The program was first designed and created by college students in 2004, and by the year of 2006 it became very huge with many especially with those of age 13. The reason why many love Facebook and why is it so unique it has the ability to connect and share with the people that a persons cares about at the same time. Or with others they would like to be friends with, without ever meeting because the network lets you connect with many around the world, almost like a pen pal sort of way. Facebook has become so†¦show more content†¦Many users has believed that they can judge a person or know who a person is instantly with what they portrayed on their Facebook page, for instance, profile picture, interest, music, preference and so much more since Facebook everyday, month or year is always updating its website to attract m ore and more user. Its also free, so anyone can sign up, or in this case sign up to many accounts as long as one has a working email address and its not hard for a person in the 21st century not to have more than one email address. Employers are checking a person’s email; so they can get a feel of them, get to know them a little bit better before hiring them. To test out whether peoples personality were being judged based on their Facebook page, the study first used 104 undergrad students at a public university somewhere in the Northeast area. Four of the students reported that they did not have a Facebook, and one did not give consent. Its important for the researcher to proceed on with the study with the participants consents because its very unethical if they didn’t as well as giving the participant the participant the choice in dropping out of the study at any given time, and no one will judge the participant for it. In that retrospect it brought the number down to 99 participants, (79 females, 20 Males), while the average age of the participants seemed to be 19 years of age.

Bone and Joint Histology Free Essays

* It is a specialised connective tissue. * Osteogenic cells ⇒ osteoblast (makes matrix, active when young, and after fracture) ⇒ osteocyte ⇒ osteoclast (functions in resorption, breakdown of bone matrix) (makes cavities) (from blood monocyte) Bone Functions * Framework for support of the skeleton * Protection: brain, spinal cord, lungs and heart * Levers for muscles attached to them via tendons * Reservoir for minerals e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on Bone and Joint Histology or any similar topic only for you Order Now calcium, magnesium, phosphates etc. Bone Matrix * Components * Extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibres) consists of inorganic material (65%) e.g. calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, fluoride, citrate, sulfate, and hydroxide. * Minerals give bone hardness and rigidity * Organic component (35%) mostly type I collagen (95%)- gives bone slight flexibility; and ground substance e.g. GAGs with proteoglycans, which contain chondroitin and keratin sulfates which give bone resilience * Development 1. Bone starts as osteoid, which is collagen and GAG’s with no minerals 2. Bone becomes mineralised (immature, primary, or woven bone). It is the first bone to appear in development and in repair after fractures 3. Bone starts to remodel as the adult form (mature, secondary, lamellar) Bone Cells 1. Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells: from embryonic mesenchyme, which differentiate into osteoblasts. Found in inner cellular layer of the periosteum, lining Haversian canals, in the endosteum (lining medullary cavity) 2. Osteoblasts: derived from osteoprogenitor cells, form and grow new bone by synthesis of organic components of bone matrix. Found on the surfaces of existing bone tissue where they deposit new bone matrix (osteoid) which contains no minerals. Later mineralization occurs, tissue is new bone. Osteoblasts extend processes with neighbouring osteoblasts for molecular transport. Sit on the edge of bone. 3. Osteocytes: flat cells with small cytoplasmic processes. Aid in the maintenance of bone tissue and storage of minerals. Each osteoblast becomes surrounded by secreted matrix, once this occurs, the cell is known as an osteocyte (mature bone cell), and the space it occupies is a lacuna. Radiating out in all directions from the lacuna are tunnel-like spaces (canaliculi) which house the cytoplasmic processes of the osteocytes. The canaliculi allow transfer of nutrients, wastes between the osteocytes and blood. They are very active cells. Communicate via cytoplasmic processes in the canaliculi, metabolic communication. 4. Osteoclasts: large motile, multinucleated cells (150 um diameter) which contain up to 50 nuclei. These cells break up and resorb bone. Osteoclasts occupy shallow depressions (Howship’s lacunae). The ruffled border (infolded plasma membrane) is that part of the cell that is directly involved in the resorption of bone. It removes bone enzymatically, mineral deficiencies then the osteoclasts become active to release the minerals that have been stored in bone, hence the person becomes fracture prone. The multinuclear nature of the osteoclasts is a good identifying factor Periosteum and Endosteum * Vascular, fibrous layer surrounds bone except over articular surfaces. * 2 layers * Outer layer is collagen with some elastic fibres. This layer distributes vascular and nerve supply to bone. * Inner layer is cellular (osteogenic layer, osteoprogenitor cells), gives rise to new bone. * Central cavity of bone is lined with endosteum- thin CT composed of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. * From the outer layer of periosteum, fine bundles of collagenous fibres (Sharpey’s) penetrate the underlying bone at intervals to attach the periosteum, especially at the sites of attachment of tendons and ligaments. * The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and ligament and tendon attachments. Mature bone Organisation * Dense (compact) at the edge * This type has Haversian systems (osteons) which is a complex of 4- 20 concentric, bony circular lamellae surrounding a central (Haversian) canal (20- 100 ÃŽ ¼m diameter) * The canal contains blood vessels, lymphatics, with a few unmyelinated nerve fibres, loose CT and flattened osteogenic cells and osteoblast cells that line the lumen of the canal * Osteocytes are in lacunae (in the concentric lamellae) located within or between the lamellae * A second arrangement of lamellae is found between the osteons (interstitial lamellae- formed by the collapse of old Haversian systems). These are remnants of older, partially resorbed Haversian systems. * A third arrangement (circumferential lamellae) are rings of bone around the entire bone, beneath the periosteum * Radiating from the lacunae are tiny channels (canaliculi). Processes of the osteocytes enter these canals and communicate with adjacent osteocytes where an exchange of gases occurs, nutrients are supplied to the cells and metabolic wastes are eliminated. * The Haversian canals communicate with the marrow cavity, the periosteum and with each other via the transverse Volkmann’s canals, which run at right angles to the long axis of the bone. Each osteon has a cement line of calcified ground substance with some collagen fibres. * Spongy (Cancelllous Bone): * This type is not organised into Haversian systems but is a meshwork of thin bars (lamellae) or trabeculae of bone lining the marrow cavity * The spaces within this latticework are filled with bone marrow. The trabeculae house osteocytes in lacunae that are fed by diffusion from the marrow cavity. Blood and Nerve Supply * Bones have periosteal vessels, which penetrate the bone of the diaphysis of long bones and divide into branches that enter the Haversian systems. These vessels supply the osteocytes embedded in the calcified matrix. * Larger vessels pierce the epiphysis to supply the spongy bone and the midshaft to supply the medullary cavity. * Small myelinated and unmyelinated nerves go into the Haversian canals. * The periosteum contains many pain fibres which makes it sensitive to injury e.g. blow to the tibia Bone Development and Growth Histogenesis (differentiation) * Bone development is mesodermal in origin and if the tissue is membrane like (a sheet of mesenchyme or loose CT), it is intramembranous bone formation * If bone replaces cartilage that is largely resorbed before bone is formed, this is endochondral (intracartilaginous) bone development. Intramembranous Bone formation * The process involves mesenchyme to bone directly (osteoblast laying bone) * Locations: flat bones, e.g. the skull, mandible, clavicle Endochondral bone formation * The process in this type of bone formation occurs in 2 steps: 1. A miniature hyaline cartilage model is formed in the region where the bone is to grow within the embryo 2. The cartilage model grows appositionally and interstitially and serves as a structural scaffold for bone development. It is then resorbed and replaced by bone (all the cartilage is replaced by bone) * Locations: long, short bones, pelvis and vertebrae Developing bone region at epiphyseal plate * Area between shaft and epiphysis is the epiphyseal plate. * Proliferation occurs at the epiphyseal aspect and replacement by bone takes place at the diaphyseal side of the plate * Growth at both ends of the bone is hormone regulated * There are a series of 5 zones beginning at the centre of the disc and go towards the diaphysis: 1. Zone of reserve cartilage (resting zone) : chondrocytes through the matrix are mitotically active producing hyaline cartilage 2. Zone of proliferation: chondrocytes proliferate and form stacks of cells that parallel the direction of bone growth. (Cartilage dies- lose blood cells- hence the bone invades the space) 3. Zone of maturation and hypertrophy (Expanding): chondrocytes mature, hypertrophy and accumulate glycogen in their cytoplasm. No mitosis occurs 4. Zone of calcification and cell death: Chondrocytes die and the cartilage matrix becomes calcified impregnated with calcium and phosphorus 5. Zone of ossification: blood vessels invade spaces left by the dying chondrocytes carrying osteoprogenitor cells from the periosteum and differentiate into osteoblasts which elaborate matrix that becomes calcified on the surface of calcified cartilage. As the matrix calcifies, some osteoblasts are entrapped as osteocytes and bone trabeculae are formed. Coalescence of trabeculae creates spongy bone. Resorption of spongy bone by osteoclasts in the centre of the diaphysis enlarges the medullary cavity. Summary of histochemical processes for both models of bone formation * Osteoblasts secrete osteoid with no minerals * Formation of primary bone whereby osteoid is mineralized * Formation of secondary bone as compact or spongy bone Growth in length of long bone * Due to interstitial growth of epiphyseal cartilage * Growth continues until around 20 when the epiphyseal plate closes (cartilage is replaced by bone) and growth in length stops Growth in width of long bone * As a result of appositional growth from the surface and resorption by osteoclasts of the inner shaft so that the marrow space can be enlarged Bone Remodelling * Continual remodelling occurs in response to forces (e.g. teeth growing jawbones). Bone is deposited due to traction and resorbed due to pressure. * In young, bone deposition exceeds bone resorption. In the adult bone deposition is balanced with resorption. Joints * Joints are classified according to the degree of movement between the bones of the joint: * Synarthroses: little or no movement. There are 3 types based on the tissue making up the union: * Syndesmosis is the union of bones by dense CT e.g tibiofibular and radioulnar joints * Synchondrosis is a junction by cartilage e.g. IVDs and symphysis pubis * Synostosis is a joint united by bone e.g. skull sutures (Starts off as fontanelles) * Diarthroidal (synovial) e.g. knee, hip, shoulder have great freedom of movement and have a CT capsule around a joint cavity held by ligaments. * The joint has an articular cartilage (hyaline) with no perichondrium. The capsule is lined (except over the articular surfaces) with a cellular, vascular, folded synovial membrane made of loose CT which secretes a viscous lubricating, synovial fluid. The viscosity of the fluid varies with temperature. *Fibrous- collagen- little to no movement- interosseous ligament *Gomphosis- tooth joined by cartilage How to cite Bone and Joint Histology, Papers

Nazi Art Essay Example For Students

Nazi Art Essay Many people know that Adolph Hitler was an artist in his youth as an Austrian, but just howmuch art played a role in the National Socialist Germany seems to get underrated in the historybooks. Just as a racial war was waged against the Jewish population and the military fought theFrench and the Slavic people, an artistic cleansing for the Germanic culture was in progress. Special Nazi units were searching the ancient arts of antiquity for evidence of a great Germanicrace that existed well before history. Hitler had monuments and museums built on a grand scalewith carefully designed architecture that would last a thousand years. Art of this nature was apriority because Hitler wanted to capture Chronos, not Gaea. He wanted to dominate the rest oftime, not the limits of Earth. Hitler was born and raised in the town of Linz. As a youth he studied art, primarily as a paintercapturing mostly the surrounding Alpine Mountain landscapes that he grew up with, but he alsohad an interest in architecture. When he turned eighteen he applied to the Vienna Art Academy,and was rejected. Along with art, Hitler was fascinated with Linz, Antiquity, and Wagner. It was atthis time in his youth that Hitler and his friend, Kubicheck would try to finish an opera thatWagner had abandoned. This opera was about a leader trying to establish the Roman Empire byoverthrowing the Papal government in Rome. Hitler would remember It was in that hour it allbegan.1Hitler thought of Wagner and art as the basis for a new government, nation, and people. It isnot just coincidence that he would be surrounded by National Socialist leaders with backgroundin the arts. Joseph Gobbels, the Minister of Propaganda and head of the Reich Chamber ofCulture, was an experienced writer and aspiring poet. Ros enberg was a painter and Von Sherotwrote poetry. Hans Frederick Munch of the Reichs Chamber of Literature said This governmentborn out of opposition to rationalism knows the peoples inner longings and dreams, which onlythe artist can give them.2 Less than three months after coming to power, the Nazis issuedWhat German artists expect of their new government in March of 1933. One of the first projectsof the Nazi regime was the House of German Art (Haus der Deutschen Kunst), a large museum. Quickly the Third Reich was forming its own style of art, as identifiable as Soviet Social-Realism, but symbolizing the national and racial policies. And while the Soviets tended toemphasize Literature, the Nazis focused on Visual art and Architecture. Nazi art was Neo-Classical with a twist of German romanticism, heroicism, and nostalgia for the times of yore.3In the beginning there was debate on what exactly the Nazis were looking for in art. It is wellknown that the Third Reich was extremely hostile to Avant-Garde artists, but before the Naziscame to power, Joseph Goebbels took to the opinion that some German Expressionists werecompatible with National Socialist ideas. These artists include Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, ErichHeckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Ernst Barlach, and Emil Nolde. Nolde was even a Nazi partymember, but these artists could hardly be called Nazi artists. They declared nationalism andwere very anti-capitalist. The Expressionists promoted sensation and passion over rati onal logicand were heavily into primitive German culture. Hitler, Alfred Rosenberg, and other seniorNazis attacked these modern artists as incompatible with the Nazi ideal because of there strongopposition to authoritarianism and the individualism expressed within their work.4 Albert Speer,commissioned to decorate Goebbels home would later write: I borrowed a few watercolours from the director of the Berlin Nationalgalerie. Goebbels and his wife were delighted with thepaintingsuntil Hitler came to inspect, and expressed his severe disapproval. Then the ministersummoned me immediately. The pictures will have to go at once; theyre simply impossible.5Upon the assumption of power, almost all modern art was attacked and artists of all sorts fled thecountry as work was confiscated and art schools were closed. There are many reasons Hitler attacked modern art. Such groups as the Dadaists and theBauhaus had close connections with the Soviet schools of Constructivism and Suprematism. Chinese Women Rights EssaySuch genre paintings of the period like Gisbert Palmies The Rewards of Work also use theseparation of colour to represent purity of race. The golden seamless cloth being woven by theman at the bottom right of the picture flows around a centered beautiful Aryan woman. Thecloths colour matches her blond hair. The background is a rural farmland setting. The variousfields can be distinguished from each other. The figures are out of time. A man picks fruit and awoman harvests grain while sewing and the caring for animals is being carried out in the pictureplane form a unity of the rural people (volk) and the cycle of nature. Their equipment forperforming these tasks of labour are outdated. They use a spinning wheel for sewing anddressed in Renaissance costumes to express the anti-modern position of the Nazi government. 1936 had brought Germany the eyes of the world with its Olympic games. In 1937 Hitlerproclaimed: Never was mankind closer than now to antiquity in its appearance and itssensibilities. Sport contests and competitions are hardening millions of youthful bodies,displaying them to us more and more in a form and temper that they have never manifested norbeen thought to possess for perhaps a thousand years.7 The much anticipated boxing matchbetween the Aryan and the American negro proved German racial superiority to the watchingworld. And the Olympic village built for the games was a utopia as grand and bogus as thevillages Potemkin built for Catherine the Great of Russia. Nazi architecture would be theachievement of the century. Hitler wanted to outshine Paris. By 1950 Hitler planned to have anew German capital ready. After the House of German Art, Hitler planned many buildings. Hewanted to reconstruct a Germany in the Grecco-Roman style. His obsession with antiquity isclearly diplayed in his ruins principal that he formed with Albert Speer in 1934. This idea wouldhave the new constructions collapse in on themselves after a period of abandonment that leftruins similar to such famous structures as the Acropolis in Athens. Hitler said If here in thedistant future archeologists should dig the Earth and strike granite beneath, Let them stand bear-headed in front of a glorious idea that shook the world.8Forty cities had monumental building projects planned by Hitler and Speer. In 1939 a newchancellery was built because the old one was a piddaly cigar box in Hitlers words. Suchbuildings as large as his Great Hall that could sit one hundred eighty thousand people andwould be seventeen times St.Peters in Rome or his sports hall that held four hundred thousandpeople can far better be described in Richard Harriss novel Fatherland that has a setting of1960s Germany after the hypothetical Nazi winning of World War Two. But the fact is that theHitler lost his war. Even in defeat he was preoccupied with the art and architecture of the ThirdReich. Losing battle after battle, Hitler received the final model for his plans of a Hitleropolis inhis hometown of Linz on February 9th, 19459 and while in his bunker he studied the project forhours on end. He called doom arts highest form of expression obviously bases on the fireyending to some of Wagners operas. A grand German fall would fill other German generationswith inspiration. Hitler tried to obtain a timeless existence through the immortality of art. AlthoughGermany has yet to rise again from its own ashes, we still remember Hitler and his infamousdeeds. One could say he was successful. Bibliography1. Architecture of Doom. Directed by Peter Cohen. 90 Minuets. First Run Features. Videotape. 2. Architecture of Doom. 3. Payne, Stanley G. A History of Fascism 1914-1945. Madison: The University of WisconsonPress, 1995. pp196-1984. Clarke, Toby. Art and Propaganda in the Twentieth Century. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc,1997. pp62-635. Nicholas, Lynn H. The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europes Treasures in the Third Reich andthe Second World War. New York: Vintage Books, 1995. pp10-116. Harris, Robert. Fatherland. New York: Harper Paperbacks, 1992. p2767. Clark, Toby. p378. Architecture of Doom.